The current pandemic of COVID-19 and the identification of accessible biomarkers of disease progression is of clinical importance in the management of this novel and serious disease. This study was completed to provide information regarding 1 possible uniquely upregulated marker in this illness, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN-1). A literature search was undertaken to provide medical data regarding EDN-1 as a biomarker in the clinical setting. The literature identified was further analyzed to identify its use in the clinical setting of viral disease and asthma.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AgacheI, StrasserDS, KlenkA, et al.2016. Serum Il-5 and IL-13 consistently serve as the best predictors for the blood eosinophilic phenotype in adult asthmatics. Allergy, 71(8):1192–1202.
2.
Blanco-MeloD, Nilsson-PayantB, LiuW, et al.2020. Biorxiv preprint [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10:1101/2020.
3.
DurackDT, SumiSM, KlebanoffSJ. 1979. Neurotoxicity of human eosinophils. PNAS, 76(3):1443–1447.
4.
GonY, ItoR, HattonT, et al.2015. Serum eosinophil-derived neurotoxin: correlation with persistent airflow limitation in adults with house-dust mite allergic asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc, 36(6):13–20.
5.
Guan-TingL, HwangC, YsiehC, et al.2013. Eosinophil derived neurotoxin is elevated in ALS patients. Mediators Inflamm, 2013:421389.
6.
HarrisonAM, BonvilleCA, RosenbergHF, et al.1999. Respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine expression in the lower airways eosinophil recruitment and degranulation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159(6):1918–1924.
7.
IshiokaT, KimuraH, KitaH, et al.2011. Effects of respiratory syncytial virus infection and major basic protein derived from eosinophils in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (A549). Cell Biol Int, 35(5):467–474.
8.
KimH, KwonGE, KimYH, et al.2019. Comparison of serum eosinophil-derived neurotoxin levels between wheezing and non-wheezing groups in children with respiratory tract infection. J Asthma [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1642349.
9.
MooreJ, JuneC. 2020. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19. Science, 368:473–474.
10.
NagataM, SedgwickJB, KitaH, et al.1998. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor augments ICMA-1 and VCAM-1 activation of eosinophil function. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 19(1):158–166.
11.
NoguchiT, NakagomeK, KobayashiT, et al.2015. Effect of beta2 adrenergic agonists on eosinophil adhesion, superoxide anion generation and degranulation. Allergol Int, 64 (Suppl.):S46–S53.
12.
PatellisA, AlvingK, MiddelveldR, OnoJ, et al.2018. igE sensitization to food allergens and airborne allergens in relation to biomarkers of type 2 inflammation in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy, 48(9):1147–1154.
13.
PedersenB, DahlR, KarlstromR, PetersonCG, VengeP. 1996. Eosinophil and neutrophil activity in asthma in a one-year trial with inhaled budesonide: the impact of smoking. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 153(5):1519–1529.
14.
QianZ, TravantyEA, OkoL, et al.2013. Innate immune response of human alveolar type II cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 48(6):742–748.
15.
SongP, LiW, XieJ, HouY, YouC. 2020. Cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2. Clin Chim Acta [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.017.
16.
SunY, DongY, WangL, et al.Characteristics and prognostic factors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19: the Beijing experience. J Autoimmun, 2020; 102473.
17.
TakakuY, NakagomeK, KobayashiT, et al.2011. IFN-gamma inducible protein of 10kDa upregulates the effector functions of eosinophils through beta2 integrin and CXCR3. Respir Res, 12(1):138.
18.
UysalB, IkitimurH, YavuzerS, et al.2020. Tociluzumab challenge: A series of cytokine storm therapy experience in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients. J Med Virol [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26111.
19.
YangD, ChenQ, SuS, et al.2008. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin acts as an alarmin to activate the TLR2-MyD88 signal pathway in dendritic cells and enhances Th2 immune responses. J Exp Med, 205(1):79–90.
20.
YangD, RosenbergHF, ChenQ, DyerKD, KurosakaK, OppenheimJJ. 2003. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), an antimicrobial protein with chemotactic activities for dendritic cells. Blood. 102(9):3396–3403.
21.
ZhaiJ, ZouY, LiuJ, et al.2019. Analysis of the predicting factors of recurrent wheezing in infants. Ital J Pediatr, 45(1):19.
