Isthmin 1 Is a Secreted Protein Expressed in Skin,Mucosal Tissues,and NK,NKT,and Th17 Cells

Abstract

Using a comprehensive microarray database of human gene expression, we identified that in mammals, a secreted protein known as isthmin 1 (ISM1) is expressed in skin, mucosal tissues, and selected lymphocyte populations. ISM1 was originally identified in Xenopus brain during development, and it encodes a predicted ∼50-kDa protein containing a signal peptide, a thrombospondin domain, and an adhesion-associated domain. We confirmed the pattern of expression of ISM1 in both human and mouse tissues. ISM1 is expressed by DX5⁺ lung lymphocytes that include NK and NKT-like cells, and is also expressed by some CD4⁺ T cells upon activation but its expression increases significantly when CD4⁺ T cells were polarized to the Th17 lineage in vitro. The presence of IFN-γ during CD4⁺ T cell polarization inhibits ISM1 expression. Given that ISM1 has been reported to have anti-angiogenic properties, these observations suggest that ISM1 is a mediator of lymphocyte effector functions and may participate in both innate and acquired immune responses.