Statements concerning the impact of the biotech industry in the EU on the “European economy” and “European labour market” refer to the impact on the EU28 economy and the EU28 labor market, respectively. Neither the impact of firms located in Switzerland nor the impact occurring in Switzerland is included. Comparisons to European industries are based on official data for the EU28 aggregate. Furthermore, no gross output for biotechnological goods is statistically recorded for the following three EU members: Cyprus, Luxembourg, and Malta.
2.
EuropaBio. Biotechnology Industry Manifesto 2019. Resetting the Ambition for Biotechnology in the EU. Brussel, 2019. Available at: https://europabio.org/sites/default/files/Biotechnology%20Industry%20Mani-festo%202019_0.pdf.
3.
Taking Stock of the Europe 2020 Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth (2014). Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-con-tent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0130&from=EN.
4.
Comparisons to European industries are based on official data for the EU28 aggregate.
5.
Included products from the food and feed sector are: yeast, human milk oligosaccharides, food colorants and several preparations for animal feed.
6.
€98.3 billion in. 2014, EU28, NACE C26. Eurostat: NAMA 64a: National accounts aggregates by industry, Last up-date: 30.07.2020. Available at: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.eu-ropa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=nama_10_a64&lang=en
7.
€79.9 billion in. 2017, EU28, NACE J59_J60: Motion picture, video, television programme production; programming and broadcasting activities. Eurostat: NAMA 64a: National accounts aggregates by industry. Available at: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.eu-ropa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=nama_10_a64&lang=en
8.
The spillover multiplier is the ratio of spillover effects to direct effects.
9.
Prodcomm database. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/prodcom/data/database
10.
World Input-Output Database. Available at: http://wiod.org/home.
11.
Eurostat: NAMA 64a: National accounts aggregates by industry, Last up-date: 30.07.2020, Available at: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.eu-ropa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=nama_10_a64&lang=en
12.
NAMA 64e.
13.
Latest industry data for EU28 from Eurostat.
14.
Latest industry data for EU28 from WIOD. WIOD: World Input-Output Database. Available at: http://wiod.org/home
15.
UNICEF. Impact of COVID-19 on Vaccine Supplies (2020). Available at: https://unicef.org/supply/stories/impact-covid-19-vaccine-supplies
16.
COVID-19: Commission Creates First Ever RescEU Stockpile (2020). Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/de-tail/en/ip_20_476.
17.
Reuters. EU Urges States to Lift Export Bans on Drugs That May Lead to Shortages (2020). Available at: https://reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-eu-drug/eu-urges-states-to-lift-export-bans-on-drugs-that-may-lead-to-shortages-idUSL5N2BW05A
18.
International Labour Organization (ILO). The Effects of COVID?19 on Trade and Global Supply Chains (2020). Available at: https://ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---inst/docu-ments/publication/wcms_746917.pdf
19.
SericA, HolgerG, SaskiaM, WindischM. Managing COVID-19: How the Pandemic Disrupts Global Value Chains. Vienna: UNIDO, 2020. Available at: https://iap.unido.org/articles/managing-covid-19-how-pandemic-disrupts-global-value-chains
20.
NayyerehA, SaiyarsaraiP, NikfarS. Short and Long Term Impacts of COVID-19 on the Pharmaceutical Sector. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40199-020-00358-5.
21.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment, ed. 21st Century Technologies: Promises and Perils of a Dynamic Future. Paris: OECD, 1998.
22.
MeyerH-P. Sustainability and Biotechnology. Organic Process Research & Development 15, no. 1 (2011):180–88. https://doi.org/10.1021/op100206p
EuropaBio. Recovery Plan for Europe (2020). Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/live-work-travel-eu/health/coronavirus-response/recov-ery-plan-europe_en
25.
EuropaBio. An Enhanced Invest Eu Programme And New Strategic Investment Facility To Help Kick-Start The Economy (2020). Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/economy-finance/investeu-factsheet.pdf.
