Standard biomarkers of acute inflammation C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) may be subject to limitations in the assessment of inflammation that is more chronic or low-grade in nature. There is a need for accurate markers of low-grade or chronic inflammation that are stable and not subject to acute factors. Novel or emerging inflammatory biomarkers that may represent promising alternatives include the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, glycoprotein acetyls, and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor. These markers have demonstrated utility in a variety of clinical conditions (including cancer and cardiovascular disease), may offer increased sensitivity in people with some conditions, and may outperform the standard ESR and CRP in specific situations. These markers can also be positively influences by healthy lifestyle changes and habits. While the complete clinical relevance and best uses of these markers is still being elucidated, they may offer new avenues for exploring the multi-faceted nature of chronic inflammation.
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