Abstract
ABSTRACT
This paper describes physico-chemical treatment of inorganic toxic wastes at the centralized waste treatment facility in Denmark. The paper also reports on some alternative processes and development trends for detoxification of this type of waste.
Denmark was the first country to introduce centralized treatment of hazardous waste on a national scale.
The centralized chemical treatment plant in Denmark, called "Kommunekemi", is located at Nyborg in the middle of the country. Besides a physico-chemical treatment plant for inorganic waste, it also operates incinerators for organic hazardous waste, waste oil recovery and a controlled landfill.
Industry in Denmark is characterized by a few big companies and a lot of medium and small sized companies. In most cases, Danish medium sized companies would be looked upon as small ones when comparing on an international basis.
The big facilities normally have wastewater treatment plants of their own and may just deliver small quantities of some odd types of wastes to the centralized plant, Kommunekemi.
The smaller facilities, which do not have waste treatment, deliver all their waste for external treatment at Kommunekemi. Naturally this system encourages the waste producers to minimize their waste production by re-circulation and/or re-use as far as possible with respect to production quality and internal and external environment.
Centralized waste management systems of the same type as in Denmark are also in operation in Sweden and Finland.
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