The safety and high efficiency of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors has facilitated their wide-scale use to deliver therapeutic genes for experimental and clinical purposes in diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). AAV1, 2, 5, 8, 9, and rh10 are the most commonly used serotypes for CNS applications. Most AAVs are known to transduce genes predominantly into neurons. However, the precise tropism of AAVs in the dentate gyrus (DG), the region where persistent neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain, is not fully understood. We stereotaxically injected 1.5 × 1010 viral genomes of AAV2, 5, or rh10 carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the right side of gerbil hippocampus, and performed immunofluorescent analysis using differentiation stage-specific markers 1 week after injection. We found that AAV5 showed a significantly larger number of double-positive cells for GFP and Sox2 in the DG, compared with the AAV2 and rh10 groups. On the contrary, AAVrh10 presented a substantially larger number of double-positive cells for GFP and NeuN in the DG, compared with AAV2 and AAV5. Our findings indicated that AAV5 showed high transduction efficiency to neural stem cells and precursor cells, whereas AAVrh10 showed much higher efficiency to mature neurons in the DG.
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