Global REACH 2018: Characterizing Acid–Base Balance Over 21 Days at 4,300 m in Lowlanders

Abstract

Steele, Andrew R., Philip N. Ainslie, Rachel Stone, Kaitlyn Tymko, Courtney Tymko, Connor A. Howe, David MacLeod, James D. Anholm, Christopher Gasho, and Michael M. Tymko. Global REACH 2018: characterizing acid–base balance over 21 days at 4,300 m in lowlanders. High Alt Med Biol. 23:185–191, 2022.

Introduction:

High altitude exposure results in hyperventilatory-induced respiratory alkalosis, followed by metabolic compensation to return arterial blood pH (pHa) toward sea level values. However, previous work has limited sample sizes, short-term exposure, and pharmacological confounders (e.g., acetazolamide). The purpose of this investigation was to characterize acid–base balance after rapid ascent to high altitude (i.e., 4,300 m) in lowlanders. We hypothesized that despite rapid bicarbonate ([HCO₃⁻]) excretion during early acclimatization, partial respiratory alkalosis would still be apparent as reflected in elevations in pHa compared with sea level after 21 days of acclimatization to 4,300 m.

Methods:

In 16 (3 female) healthy volunteers not taking any medications, radial artery blood samples were collected and analyzed at sea level (150 m; Lima, Peru), and on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after rapid automobile (∼8 hours) ascent to high altitude (4,300 m; Cerro de Pasco, Peru).

Results and Discussion:

Although reductions in [HCO₃⁻] occurred by day 3 (p < 0.01), they remained stable thereafter and were insufficient to fully normalize pHa back to sea level values over the subsequent 21 days (p < 0.01). These data indicate that only partial compensation for respiratory alkalosis persists throughout 21 days at 4,300 m.