Rubenstein, David A, and Wei Yin. Hypergravity and hypobaric hypoxic conditions promote endothelial cell and platelet activation. High Alt Med Biol 15:396–405, 2014.—Cardiovascular disease risk is heightened during exposure to altered gravity and/or altered barometric conditions. Previous work has suggested that this heightened cardiovascular risk is due to enhancements of endothelial cell inflammatory and/or thrombogenic responses. In recent work, the role of platelets on instigating or inhibiting endothelial cell responses associated with cardiovascular disease has been found to be dependent on both biochemical and biophysical factors. In this work, we aimed to determine how two biophysical forces, gravity and atmospheric pressure, alter endothelial cell and platelet functions and their interactions to instigate or inhibit cardiovascular disease responses. To address this aim, endothelial cells and platelets were subjected to a force 8 times greater than the normal gravitational force, for up to 30 minutes. In separate experiments, endothelial cells and platelets were subjected to 50% of normal atmospheric pressure. Endothelial cell and platelet responses, associated with cardiovascular diseases, were measured as a time course during exposure. In general, the exposure of endothelial cells to either hypergravity or hypobaric conditions enhanced cardiovascular disease responses. However, the presence of platelets generally inhibited endothelial cell responses. Platelet activation was, however, somewhat enhanced under both hypergravity and hypobaric conditions. Our data suggest that altered biophysical forces can modulate endothelial cell and platelet responses that are salient for cardiovascular disease progression. However, the interaction of these two cells tends to restrain the progression of the pro-cardiovascular disease responses.
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