ArgientoP, CheslerN, MulèM, D'AltoM, BossoneE, UngerP, NaeijeR. 2010. Exercise stress echocardiography for the study of the pulmonary circulation. Eur Respir J, 35:1273–1278.
BidartCM, AbbasAE, ParishJM, ChalikiHP, MorenoA, LesterSJ. 2007. The noninvasive evaluation of exercise-induced changes in pulmonary artery pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance. J Am Soc Echocard, 20:270–275.
4.
BrimioulleS, LejeuneP, NaeijeR. 1986. Effects of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction on gas exchange. J Appl Physiol, 81:1535–1543.
5.
BurnhamKJ, AraiTJ, DubowitzDJ, HendersonAC, HolverdaS, BuxtonRB, PriskGK, HopkinsSR. 2009. Pulmonary perfusion heterogeneity is increased by sustained heavy exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol, 107:1559–1568.
6.
DawsonA. 1968. Regional pulmonary blood flow in sitting and supine man during and after acute hypoxia. J Clin Invest, 48:301–310.
7.
DawsonA. 1972. Regional lung function during early acclimatization to 3100 m altitude. J Appl Physiol, 33:218–223.
8.
DehnertC, LuksAM, SchendlerG, MenoldE, BergerMM, MairbäurlH, FaoroV, BaileyDM, CastellC, HahnG, VockP, SwensonER, BärtschP. 2010. No evidence for interstitial lung oedema by extensive pulmonary function testing at 4559 m. Eur Respir J, 35:812–820.
9.
EldridgeMW, BraunRK, YonedaKY, WalbyWF. 2006. Effects of altitude and exercise on pulmonary capillary integrity: Evidence for subclinical high altitude pulmonary edema. J Appl Physiol, 100:972–980.
10.
FahriLE, RahnH. 1955. A theoretical analysis of the alveolar-arterial O2 difference with special reference to the distribution effect. J Appl Physiol, 7:699–703.
11.
FaoroV, LamotteM, DeboeckG, PavelescuA, HuezS, GuenardH, MartinotJB, NaeijeR. 2007. Effects of sildenafil on exercise capacity in hypoxic normal subjects. High Alt Med Biol, 8:155–163.
FischlerM, MaggioriniM, DorschnerL, DebrunnerJ, BernheimA, KienckeS, MairbäurlH, BlochKE, NaeijeR, Brunner-La RoccaHP. 2009. Dexamethasone but not tadalafil improves exercise capacity in adults prone to high altitude pulmonary edema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 180:346–352.
14.
GaarKAJr, TaylorAE, OwensLJ, GuytonAC. 1967. Pulmonary capillary pressure and filtration coefficient in the isolated perfused lung. Am J Physiol, 213:910–914.
15.
GhofraniHA, ReichenbergerF, KohstallMG, MrosekEH, SeegerT, OlschewskiH, SeegerW, GrimmingerF. 2004. Sildenafil increased exercise capacity during hypoxia at low altitudes and at Mount Everest base camp: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Ann Intern Med, 141:169–177.
16.
HaabP, HeldDR, ErnstH, FahriLE. 1969. Ventilation-perfusion relationships during high altitude adaptation. J Appl Physiol, 26:77–81.
17.
HammondMD, GaleGE, KapitanKS, RiesA, WagnerPD. 1986. Pulmonary gas exchange in humans during normobaric hypoxic exercise. J Appl Physiol, 61:1749–1757.
18.
HopkinsSR, GargJ, BolarDS, BalouchJ, LevinDL. 2005. Pulmonary blood flow heterogeneity during hypoxia and high altitude pulmonary edema. Am J Respir Crit Med, 171:83–87.
19.
HsuAR, BarnholtKE, GrundmannNK, LinJH, McCullumSW, FriedlanderAL. 2006. Sildenafil improves cardiac output and exercise performance during acute hypoxia, but not normoxia. J Appl Physiol, 100:2031–2040.
20.
HultgrenHN, GroverRF, HartleyLH. 1971. Abnormal circulatory responses to high altitude in subjects with a previous history of high altitude pulmonary edema. Circulation, 44:759–770.
21.
La GercheA, HeidbuchelH, BurnsAT, MooneyDJ, TaylorAJ, PflugerHB, InderWJ, MacisaacAI, PriorDL. 2011. Disproportionate exercise load and remodeling of the athlete's right ventricle. Med Sci Sports Exerc., 43:974–981.
22.
La GercheA, MacIsaacAL, BurnsAT, MooneyDJ, InderWJ, VoigtJU, HeidbüchelH, PriorD. 2010. Pulmonary transit of agitated contrast is associated with enhanced pulmonary vascular reserve and right ventricular function at exercise. J Appl Physiol, 109:1307–1317.
23.
HaddadF, HuntSA, RosenthalDN, MurphyDJ. 2008. Right ventricular function in cardiovascular diseases. Part 1: Anatomy, physiology, aging and functional assessment of the right ventricle. Circulation, 117:1436–1448.
24.
LilienthalJLJr, RileyRL, ProemmelDD, FrankeRE. 1946. An experimental analysis in man of the oxygen pressure gradient from alveolar air to arterial blood during rest and exercise at sea level and high altitude. Am J Physiol, 147:199–216.
25.
MaggioriniM, MélotC, PierreS, PfeifferF, GreveI, SartoriC, LeporiM, HauserM, ScherrerU, NaeijeR. 2001. High altitude pulmonary edema is initially caused by an increased capillary pressure. Circulation, 103:2078–2083.
26.
MélotC, NaeijeR, HallemansR, LejeuneP, MolsP. 1987. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary gas exchange in normal man. Respir Physiol, 68:11–27.
27.
NaeijeR, MélotC, MolsP, HallemansR. 1982. Effects of vasodilators on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in normal man. Chest, 82:404–410.
28.
NaeijeR, MélotC, NisetG, DelcroixM, WagnerPD. 1993. Improved arterial oxygenation by a pharmacological increase in chemosensitivity during hypoxic exercise in normal subjects. J Appl Physiol, 74:1666–1671.
ReevesJT, DempseyJA, GroverRF. Pulmonary circulation during exercise. Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Physiopathology. WeirEK, ReevesJT. New York: Marcel DekkerChap 4107–133. 1989.
32.
ReevesJT, LinehanJH, StenmarkKR. 2005. Distensibility of the normal human lung circulation during exercise. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 288:L419–425.
33.
SwensonER, MaggioriniM, MongovinS, GibbsJS, GreveI, MairbäurlH, BärtschP. 2002. Pathogenesis of high-altitude pulmonary edema: Inflammation is not an etiologic factor. JAMA, 287:2228–2235.
34.
SylvesterJT, CymermanA, GurtnerG, HottensteinO, CoteM, WolfeD. 1981. Components of alveolar-arterial O2 gradient during rest and exercise at sea level and high altitude. J Appl Physiol, 50:1129–1139.
35.
VachiéryJL, McDonaghT, DargieM, MoraineJJ, BerréJ, NaeijeR, PeacockAJ. 1995. Doppler assessment of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary oedema. Thorax, 50:22–27.
36.
WagnerPD, SuttonJR, ReevesJT, CymermanA, GrovesBM, MalconianMK. 1987. Operation Everest II. Pulmonary gas exchange during a simulated ascent of Mt Everest. J Appl Physiol, 63:2348–2359.
37.
WagnerPD. 2000. Reduced maximal cardiac output at altitude. Mechanisms and significance. Respir Physiol, 120:1–11.