Abstract

Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Ventolini
G
,
Gygax
SE
,
Adelson
ME
,
Cool
DR
. Vulvodynia and fungal association: A preliminary report . Med Hypotheses , 2013 ; 81 :228 .
2.
Ventolini
G
,
Yaklic
JL
,
Galloway
ML
,
Hampton
M
,
Maher
JE
. Obstetric vulvar lacerations and postpartum dyspareunia . J Reprod Med , 2014 ; 59 (11–12 ):560 .
3.
Rice
AS
,
Farquhar-Smith
WP
,
Nagy
I
. Endocannabinoids and pain: Spinal and peripheral analgesia in inflammation and neuropathy . Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids , 2002 ; 66 (2–3 ):243 .
4.
Mansour
AR
,
Farmer
MA
,
Baliki
MN
,
Apkarian
AV
. Chronic pain: The role of learning and brain plasticity . Restor Neurol Neurosci , 2014 ; 32 :129 .
5.
Ignelzi
RJ
,
Atkinson
JH
. Pain and its modulation: Part 1. Afferent mechanisms . Neurosurgery , 1980 ; 6 :577 .
6.
Ignelzi
RJ
,
Atkinson
JH
. Pain and its modulation: Part 2. Efferent mechanisms . Neurosurgery , 1980 ; 6 :584 .
7.
Ventolini
G
. Vulvar pain: Anatomic and recent pathophysiologic considerations . Clin Anat , 2013 ; 26 :130 .
8.
Pertwee
RG
. Cannabinoid receptors and pain . Prog Neurobiol , 2001 ; 63 :569 .
9.
Smith
H
,
Youn
Y
,
Guay
RC
,
Laufer
A
,
Pilitsis
JG
. The role of invasive pain management modalities in the treatment of chronic pain . Med Clin North Am , 2016 ; 100 :103 .
10.
Fields
HL
,
Heinricher
MM
. Anatomy and physiology of a nociceptive modulatory system . Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , 1985 ; 308 :361 .
11.
Ventolini
G
,
Barhan
S
,
Duke
J
. Vulvodynia, a step-wise therapeutic prospective cohort study . J Obstet Gynaecol , 2009 ; 29 :648 .
12.
Rice
AS
,
Farguhar-Smith
WP
,
Nagy
I
. Endocannabinoids and pain: spinal and peripheral analgesia in inflammation and neuropathy . Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids . 2002 ; 66 (2–3 ):243 .
13.
Kiss
G
. Drug therapy of [sic] neuropathic pain based on the latest recommendations [in Hungarian] . Ideggyogy Sz , 2015 ; 68 (3–4 ):93 .
14.
Jones
RC
3rd
,
Lawson
E
,
Backonja
M
. Managing neuropathic pain . Med Clin North Am , 2016 ; 100 :151 .
15.
Basson
R
. The recurrent pain and sexual sequelae of provoked vestibulodynia: A perpetuating cycle . J Sex Med , 2012 ; 9 :2077 .
