Background: The female rectovaginal septum may become involved by a variety of mass-like lesions, which may be challenging to providers who treat women. Objectives: To review the scope of lesions affecting the rectovaginal septum. Methods: A literature review was conducted. A Medline search was used, using the terms Vaginal diseases, Vaginal neoplasms, Rectal diseases, and Rectal neoplasms. Results: Reported lesions of the rectovaginal septum were reviewed. Many of these lesions can be mistaken for each other clinically. Conclusions: A review of the scope of rectovaginal lesions is presented to assist in developing a differential diagnosis if a patient with such a lesion is encountered. (J GYNECOL SURG 31:303)
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