Background: Synchronous primary malignancies of the female genital tract constitute 1.7% of all genital malignancies. Case: A 45-year-old, para 5, woman presented with loss of appetite and abdominal distention. A provisional diagnosis of an ovarian malignancy was made. Final histopathology of the specimen revealed the presence of an ovarian papillary serous cystadenocacinoma with a cervical leiomyosarcoma. She received chemotherapy. Results: As of this writing, this patient is being followed. Conclusions: The coexistence of primary neoplasms in the ovary and cervix are rare. An organ that appears to be normal may have a hidden malignancy. Thus, every surgical specimen should be subjected to detailed histopathologic examination. In addition, the possibility of a synchronous malignancy elsewhere in the body should be kept in mind while working to address a genital malignancy. (J GYNECOL SURG 30:219)
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