Background: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) comprise a group of malignancies that are heterogeneous in terms of presentation, natural history, and prognosis. Primary NHL of the vagina is rare in immunocompetent females. Because of the low incidence of these lymphomas, standard treatment has not been defined. Case: A 34-year-old female patient with a primary vaginal NHL stage IE, with diffuse large-cell B lineage, had an excellent response to cytotoxic chemotherapy (rituximab, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, and prednisone) without surgery or radiotherapy. Results: After 2 years of follow-up, she did not have any recurrence. Conclusions: Conservative management, based on chemotherapy in primary genital lymphoma stages I-II may be the treatment of choice in patients who wish to preserve their fertility. (J GYNECOL SURG 28:1)
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