Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and periodontitis encompass vascular endothelial changes. Endocan, a marker of endothelial dysfunction, has not been previously evaluated in diabetic patients with periodontal disease. This study was designed to evaluate the levels of endocan and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in chronic periodontitis (CP) subjects with type 2 DM before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).
Materials and Methods:
This study included 75 subjects with varying degrees of CP. Group I-included 25 systemically healthy individuals with CP, and Groups II and III-included 25 CP patients each with type 2 DM under good control (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] <7%) and poor control (HbA1c >8%), respectively. Periodontal parameters were assessed, and gingival crevicular fluid collections were performed for all patients at baseline and again following three months of NSPT. Levels of endocan and TNF-α were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results:
Endocan levels were elevated in CP subjects with type 2 DM at baseline. There was a significant reduction in the Endocan and HbA1c levels (p < 0.01) among all the groups after NSPT.
Conclusion:
Endocan may be used as a novel diagnostic marker for pateints with type 2 DM and CP and as a potential prognostic marker for monitoring improvement in periodontal and glycemic status during NSPT.
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