Forehead Flap Practices: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons

Abstract

Background:

The paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) is a well-established technique utilized for reconstruction of complex nasal defects.

Objective:

To identify the different techniques and management of patients undergoing PMFF reconstruction and compare these with current literature.

Methods:

Members of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery were sent a practice survey highlighting various nuances in PMFF reconstruction. The survey included questions about flap design, operative techniques, and perioperative care.

Results:

In total, 172 responses were received (14% response rate). Mean years of practice after fellowship was 15.8 years with most respondents performing either 1–5 (33.1%) or 6–10 (27.3%) PMFFs per year. Common practices included the use of general anesthesia, elevation of PMFF in the subgaleal plane (59.6%), and pedicle division at 3 weeks (80%) (p < 0.001). Complication rates ranged between 1% and 5%. The nose was the most common site for revision (p < 0.001) and the average number of secondary procedures after forehead flap division was 1.1 (standard deviation 0.81). The most variability in responses was seen for methods of internal lining reconstruction.

Conclusion:

Reconstructive surgeons frequently divide the PMFF pedicle at 3 weeks or later and have variable approaches to reconstruction of the internal lining with low complication rates overall.