Abstract
Importance:
Assessing facial function using high-quality photographs would improve long-term and objective outcomes tracking in facial palsy, facilitate automated facial grading using artificial intelligence algorithms, and allow for remote follow up.
Objective:
To determine agreement between in-person and photographic electronic facial function scale (eFACE) assessments, and evaluate inter-rater reliability of photographic eFACE evaluation.
Design, Setting, and Participants:
Retrospective review of eFACE scores from in-person interviews and standardized photographs using the Massachusetts Eye and Ear (MEE) Standard Facial Palsy Dataset.
Main Outcomes and Measures:
eFACE total scores and subset scores determined by two experienced facial reanimation surgeons in person and from photographs.
Results:
Intraclass correlation coefficients for eFACE scores were 0.96 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.97) for total scores, 0.99 (95% CI 0.989 to 0.995) for static scores, 0.82 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.88) for dynamic scores, and 0.98 (95% CI 0.97 to 0.99) for synkinesis scores. Photographic and in-person scores had a mean difference of −0.64 (95% CI −2.05 to 0.77; p = 0.37) for total score, −1.58 (95% CI −4.22 to 1.05; p = 0.24) for the static subset, 0.14 (95% CI −1.70 to 1.97; p = 0.88) for the dynamic subset, and −1.11 (95% CI −3.09 to 0.86; p = 0.26) for the synkinetic subset. Bland-Altman analysis showed no trend for increasing differences in total score or subset scores.
Conclusions:
eFACE assessment obtained via photographs exhibits excellent inter-rater reliability and strong agreement with in-person assessment, demonstrating facial symmetry in facial palsy patients can be monitored using standardized frontal photographs.
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