Listeria monocytogenes, one of the main foodborne pathogens, is commonly found in milk and dairy products. This study aimed to estimate the presence of L. monocytogenes in milk and dairy product supply chains using a meta-analysis based on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. A total of 173 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence in the supply chain environment was 8.69% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.30%–12.78%), which was higher than that in dairy products (4.60%, 95% CI: 1.72%–8.60%) and milk products (2.93%, 95% CI: 2.14%–3.82%). Subgroup analysis showed that L. monocytogenes prevalence in raw milk (3.44%, 95% CI: 2.61%–4.28%) was significantly higher than in pasteurized milk (0.60%, 95% CI: 0.00%–2.06%). The highest prevalence of L. monocytogenes in milk and dairy products was observed in North America (5.27%, 95% CI: 2.19%–8.35%) and South America (13.54%, 95% CI: 3.71%–23.37%). In addition, studies using culture and molecular methods (5.17%, 95% CI: 2.29%–8.06%) had higher prevalence than other detection methods. Serogroup 1/2a and 3a (45.34%, 95% CI: 28.74%–62.37%), serogroup 1/2b and 3b (14.23%, 95% CI: 6.05%–24.24%), and serogroup 4b/4e (13.71%, 95% CI: 6.18%–22.83%) were dominant in these studies. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in milk and dairy product supply chains and suggest a potential foodborne pathogen burden.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AbdeenEE, MousaWS, HarbO, et al.Prevalence, antibiogram and genetic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from food products in Egypt. Foods, 2021; 10(6):1381; doi: 10.3390/foods10061381
2.
AngelidisAS, GrammenouAS, KotzamanidisC, et al.Prevalence, serotypes, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-forming ability of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from bulk-tank bovine milk in Northern Greece. Pathogens, 2023; 12(6):837; doi: 10.3390/pathogens12060837
3.
BallomKF, TsaiH-C, TaylorM, et al.Stability of Listeria Monocytogenes in non-fat dry milk powder during isothermal treatment and storage. Food Microbiol, 2020; 87:103376; doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103376
4.
BarríaC, SingerRS, BuenoI, et al.Tracing Listeria monocytogenes contamination in artisanal cheese to the processing environments in cheese producers in Southern Chile. Food Microbiol, 2020; 90:103499; doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103499
5.
BemrahN, SanaaM, CassinMH, et al.Quantitative risk assessment of human Listeriosis from consumption of soft cheese made from raw milk. Prev Vet Med, 1998; 37(1–4):129–145; doi: 10.1016/S0167-5877(98)00112-3
6.
BolívarA, Pérez-RodríguezF. Listeria in food: Prevalence and control. Foods, 2023; 12(7):1378; doi: 10.3390/foods12071378
7.
BradyMT, ByingtonCL, DaviesHD, et al.Consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk and milk products by pregnant women and children. Pediatrics, 2014; 133(1):175–179; doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-3502
8.
Dos SantosJS, BiduskiB, Dos SantosLR. Listeria monocytogenes: Health risk and a challenge for food processing establishments. Arch Microbiol, 2021; 203(10):5907–5919; doi: 10.1007/s00203-021-02590-2
9.
EggerM, SmithGD, SchneiderM, et al.Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 1997; 315(7109):629–634; doi: 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
10.
FDA-Health Canada. Joint FDA/Health Canada Quantitative Assessment of the Risk of Listeriosis from Soft-Ripened Cheese Consumption in the United States and Canada: Report; Food Directorate/Direction des Aliments, Health Canada, Santé Canada, and Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration (US Department of Health and Human Services): Ottawa, ON, Canada, 2015.
11.
FoxEM, LeonardN, JordanK. Molecular diversity of listeria monocytogenes isolated from Irish dairy farms. Foodborne Pathog Dis, 2011; 8(5):635–641; doi: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0806
12.
Gonzales-BarronU, CadavezV, GuillierL, et al.A critical review of risk assessment models for Listeria monocytogenes in dairy products. Foods, 2023; 12(24):4436; doi: 10.3390/foods12244436
13.
HigginsJPT, ThompsonSG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis. Stat Med, 2002; 21(11):1539–1558; doi: 10.1002/sim.1186
14.
HuangL, HwangC-A, SheenS. Shelf-life boundaries of Listeria monocytogenes in cold smoked salmon during refrigerated storage and temperature abuse. Food Res Int, 2023; 173(Pt 2):113362; doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113362
15.
IglesiasMA, KroningIS, RamiresT, et al.Genetic profiles and invasion ability of listeria monocytogenes isolated from bovine carcasses in Southern Brazil. J Food Prot, 2022; 85(4):591–596; doi: 10.4315/JFP-21-345
KhanJA, RathoreRS, KhanS, et al.In vitro detection of pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes from food sources by conventional, molecular and cell culture method. Braz J Microbiol, 2013; 44(3):751–758; doi: 10.1590/S1517-83822013000300013
18.
LakeFB, Van OverbeekLS, BaarsJJP, et al.Growth performance of Listeria monocytogenes and background microbiota from mushroom processing environments. Int J Food Microbiol, 2023; 395:110183; doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110183
19.
LatorreAA, PradhanAK, Van KesselJAS, et al.Quantitative risk assessment of Listeriosis due to consumption of raw milk. J Food Prot, 2011; 74(8):1268–1281; doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-554†
20.
LeeJ, SeoY, HaJ, et al.Influence of milk microbiota on Listeria monocytogenes survival during cheese ripening. Food Sci Nutr, 2020; 8(9):5071–5076; doi: 10.1002/fsn3.1806
21.
ManvilleE, KayaEC, YucelU, et al.Evaluation of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms attachment and formation on different surfaces using a CDC biofilm reactor. Int J Food Microbiol, 2023; 399:110251; doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110251
22.
MeleroB, StesslB, MansoB, et al.Listeria monocytogenes colonization in a newly established dairy processing facility. Int J Food Microbiol, 2019; 289:64–71; doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.09.003
23.
MinarovičováJ, AdrianaV, ZuzanaK, et al.Tracing of persistent Listeria monocytogenes contamination in Ewe’s milk farm. Lett Appl Microbiol, 2023; 76(2); doi: 10.1093/lambio/ovad006
24.
Nüesch-InderbinenM, BloembergGV, MüllerA, et al.Listeriosis caused by persistence of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b sequence type 6 in cheese production environment. Emerg Infect Dis, 2021; 27(1):284–288; doi: 10.3201/eid2701.203266
25.
PaudyalN, PanH, LiaoX, et al.A meta-analysis of major foodborne pathogens in Chinese food commodities between 2006 and 2016. Foodborne Pathog Dis, 2018; 15(4):187–197; doi: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2417
26.
Pérez-BaltarA, Pérez-BotoD, MedinaM, et al.Genomic diversity and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from dry-cured ham processing plants. Food Microbiol, 2021; 99:103779; doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103779
27.
RawoolDB, DoijadSP, PoharkarKV, et al.A multiplex PCR for detection of Listeria monocytogenes and its lineages. J Microbiol Methods, 2016; 130:144–147; doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.09.015
28.
ReubenRC, RoyPC, SarkarSL, et al.Characterization and evaluation of lactic acid bacteria from indigenous raw milk for potential probiotic properties. J Dairy Sci, 2020; 103(2):1223–1237; doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-17092
29.
RicchiM, ScaltritiE, CammiG, et al.Short communication: Persistent contamination by Listeria monocytogenes of bovine raw milk investigated by whole-genome sequencing. J Dairy Sci, 2019; 102(7):6032–6036; doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16267
30.
RobinsonTJ, ScheftelJM, SmithKE. Raw milk consumption among patients with non–outbreak-related enteric infections, Minnesota, USA, 2001–2010. Emerg Infect Dis, 2013; 20(1):38–44; doi: 10.3201/eid2001.120920
31.
SchoderD, PelzA, PaulsenP. Transmission scenarios of Listeria monocytogenes on small ruminant on-farm dairies. Foods, 2023; 12(2):265; doi: 10.3390/foods12020265
32.
SelvaganapathiR, JeyasekaranG, ShakilaRJ, et al.Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes on the Seafood Contact Surfaces of Tuticorin Coast of India. J Food Sci Technol, 2018; 55(7):2808–2812; doi: 10.1007/s13197-018-3230-y
33.
SmithA, MoorhouseE, MonaghanJ, et al.Sources and survival of Listeria monocytogenes on fresh, leafy produce. J Appl Microbiol, 2018; 125(4):930–942; doi: 10.1111/jam.14025
34.
StubbsTA, GalerCD. Symposium review: Recent advances in dairy food safety research: An overview of the National Dairy Council Listeria consortium, industry identification, and funding of research gaps. J Dairy Sci, 2020; 103(3):2906–2908; doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-17337
35.
SzymczakB. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of non-hemolytic L. monocytogenes isolated from food and processing environments. Foods, 2023; 12(19):3630; doi: 10.3390/foods12193630
36.
TengL, HuangL, ZhouH, et al.Microbiological hazards in infant and toddler food in China: A comprehensive study between 2004 and 2022. Food Res Int, 2024; 180:114100; doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114100
37.
Vázquez-SánchezD, GalvãoJA, OettererM. Contamination sources, serogroups, biofilm-forming ability and biocide resistance of Listeria monocytogenes persistent in tilapia-processing facilities. J Food Sci Technol, 2017; 54(12):3867–3879; doi: 10.1007/s13197-017-2843-x
38.
WangH, FengM, AnwarTM, et al.Change in antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria spp. in response to stress conditions. Front Sustain Food Syst, 2023; 7:1179835; doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1179835
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
