CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases are enzymes produced by bacteria that are capable of inhibiting the antimicrobial effects of cephalosporin drugs. Recently, the first domestically acquired Salmonella in the United States expressing blaCTX-M was reported. This is a concern because expanded-spectrum cephalosporins are the treatment of choice for invasive Gram-negative infections, including salmonellosis in children. Because Salmonella transmission is primarily foodborne, there is also concern that resistant enteric bacteria from livestock can be transferred through the food supply chain to consumers. blaCTX-M has not been previously identified in bacterial isolates from food animal populations in the United States. We report the recovery of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases from fecal Escherichia coli of sick and healthy dairy cattle in Ohio. Four individual fecal samples yielded E. coli isolates representing three clonal strains that carried blaCTX-M on transferable plasmids. Two distinguishable plasmids were identified, each encoding blaCTX-M-1 or blaCTX-M-79. Transferrable blaCTX-M genes in bovine E. coli have the potential to serve as a reservoir of resistance for pathogens and may represent a public health concern.
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