The Evolution of Empirical Environmental Justice Research Methods: A Call for Greater Use of Geographically Weighted Regression

Abstract

Abstract

A solid body of evidence demonstrates that minority and low-income communities in the United States and elsewhere suffer disproportionately from exposure to and impacts of environmental hazards. The methods and tools researchers have used to investigate claims of environmental injustices have evolved over time; this article explores the development of empirical methods for identifying potential environmental justice communities (EJCs), including environmental justice screening tools. The value of these methods and screening tools is discussed. An opportunity to supplement preliminary “screenings” for potential EJCs with geographically weighted regression is explored, while recognizing that these methods alone are not sufficient to confirm or deny environmental injustices.