The Implications of Local Perceptions,Knowledge,and Adaptive Strategies for Adaptation Planning in Coastal Communities of Zanzibar

Abstract

Abstract

The benefits of community-based adaptation (CBA) both as a means and as an end in itself have been well documented in literature. A key component and outcome of CBA is the understanding of local perceptions and knowledge of climate change, as well as local adaptive strategies. This article seeks to understand local perceptions, knowledge, and adaptive strategies in three coastal communities in Zanzibar, whose economy is heavily dependent on climate-sensitive sectors, with the aim to draw implications for adaptation planning. It argues that a good understanding of local perceptions, knowledge, and adaptive strategies increases effectiveness of adaptation planning. Field observations, semistructured interviews, and focus group discussions with community representatives revealed a plethora of environmental and social changes perceived to be brought about by climate change or anthropogenic activities as a result of climate change. All these changes have significantly affected various livelihoods in agriculture, fisheries, livestock keeping, and tourism. Against the backdrop of these tangible and in some cases severe impacts, the authors found that local perceptions, knowledge, and adaptation strategies can enable adaptation planning to (1) be sensitive to existing and potential conflicts over land and livelihoods; (2) take an integrated approach, by informing mainstreaming and coordination efforts and uncovering incompatibility of options; and (3) strengthen horizontal and vertical social capital to build community resilience.