Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) delivers a drug deeply into targeted tissues, such as the bladder. EMDA has never been applied to the ureter.
Methods:
In four in vivo porcine ureters, a unique EMDA catheter containing a silver conducting wire was advanced for the infusion of methylene blue. In two ureters, a pulsed current was delivered through an EMDA machine, whereas the other two ureters served as a control. After 20 minutes of infusion, the ureters were harvested.
Results:
In the EMDA ureter, there was diffuse staining of the urothelium; penetration of methylene blue occurred in the lamina propria and muscularis propria. In the control ureter, there was only patchy staining of the urothelium.
Conclusion:
In this first report of ureteral EMDA, a charged molecule penetrated beyond the urothelium into the lamina propria and muscularis propria of the porcine ureter.
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