Utility of Preoperative Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as a New Objective Prognostic Tool in Endoscopically Treated Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Retrospective Evaluation

Abstract

Introduction:

This exploratory retrospective analysis examined any potential prognostic role of preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for progression-free survival (PFS) and time to endoscopically verified upper tract or bladder recurrence-free survival (RFS) in upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) patients selected for endoscopic treatment with subsequent endosurveillance.

Patients and Methods:

Eligibility criteria were natural orifice endoscopically retrogradely treated low-risk and imperative UTUC patients treated between 2005 and 2019, with biopsy confirmed diagnosis and 12 months minimum follow-up. For PFS, optimal NLR cutoff value was derived by log-rank test. Subsequently, both PFS and RFS were assessed for differences using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and log-rank test. Multivariate proportional Cox regression analysis adjusted for clinicopathologic variables was performed to examine end points for NLR-independent prognostic significance.

Results:

There were 100 eligible patients (63 truly low risk and 37 imperative cases). The optimal PFS log-rank test NLR cutoff value was 2.7. NLR ≥2.7 was significantly associated with shorter PFS (p = 0.01), and shorter upper tract RFS (p = 0.03), but not with bladder RFS (p = 0.90). Only positive high-grade cytology (hazard ratio [HR] 5.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.140–16.35, p = 0.002) and NLR ≥2.7 (HR 4.28, 95% CI 1.34–13.72, p = 0.014) independently predicted PFS in multivariate analysis. Recurrence and progression were not significantly linked in the low-risk subset.

Conclusions:

This exploratory analysis showed that baseline NLR evaluation before first endoscopic UTUC treatment may be a valuable predictor and prognosticator of defined disease progression and of upper tract recurrence risk. In conjunction with high-grade urine cytology, NLR may improve risk stratification to optimize future individualized management.