In this review, a simplified straightforward algorithmic approach to the metabolic evaluation and treatment of the at-risk or recurrent urolithiasis patient is provided. Eight diagnoses and eight therapies are provided, which cover over 95% of renal stone disease.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
PearleMS, GoldfarbDS, AssimosDG, et al.Medical Management of Kidney Stones: AUA Guideline. https://www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/management-kidney-stones.cfm, 2016. (Accessed March12, 2018).
2.
PietrowPK, PremingerGM. Evaluation and medical management of urinary lithiasis. Campbell-Walsh Urology (9th edition). In: WeinA, KavoussiLR, NovickAC, PartinAW, and PetersCAM, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 2007, pp. 1393–1431.
3.
TugcuV, OzbekE, ArasB, OzbayB, IslimF, TasciAI. Bone mineral density measurement in patients with recurrent normocalciuric calcium stone disease. Urol Res, 2007; 35:29–34.
4.
LotanY, CadedduJA, RoerhbornCG, PakCY, PearleMS. Cost-effectiveness of medical management strategies for nephrolithiasis. J Urol, 2004; 172:2275–2281.
5.
LevyFL, Adams-HuetB, PakCY. Ambulatory evaluation of nephrolithiasis: An update of a 1980 protocol. Am J Med, 1995; 98:50–59.
6.
FerraroPM, TaylorEN, GambaroG, CurhanGC. Soda and other beverages and the risk of kidney stones. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2013; 8:1389–1395.
7.
Hoyer-KuhnH, KohbrokS, VollandR, FranklinJ, HeroB, BeckBB, HoppeB. Vitamin B6 in primary hyperoxaluria I: First prospective trial after 40 years of practice. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2015; 9:468–477.
8.
AlonsoD, PierasE, PizáP, GrasesF, PrietoRM. Effects of short and long-term indapamide treatments on urinary calcium excretion in patients with calcium oxalate dehydrate urinary stone disease: A pilot study. Scand J Urol Nephrol, 2012; 46:97–101.
9.
EttingerB, PakCY, CitronJT, et al.Potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Urol, 1997; 158:2069.
10.
LaerumE, LarsenS. Thiazide prophylaxis of urolithiasis. A double-blind study in general practice. Acta Med Scand, 1984; 215:383.