Small-Diameter Nitinol Stone Baskets: Radial Dilation Force and Dynamics of Opening

Abstract

Purpose:

To evaluate the radial dilation force and basket opening dynamics of three small (<1.5F) stone baskets.

Materials and Methods:

Boston Scientific OptiFlex (1.3F), Cook N-Circle Nitinol Tipless Stone Extractor (1.5F), and Sacred Heart Medical Halo (1.5F) baskets were tested for radial dilation force in 10 repetitions using a floating block atop a stationary block secured to a digital scale. The floating block, attached to a plastic frame and base, pressed down on the scale to measure the radial dilation of the open basket while being passed through the cylindrical opening between the blocks. These same baskets were tested in triplicate for basket width in 0.5- to 2-mm length increments using a mechanical caliper under optical light microscope visualization to evaluate the linearity of basket opening and length at which target basket width (5 mm) was reached.

Results:

The Sacred Heart Medical Halo had the best radial dilation (2.97±0.22 g), followed by the Cook N-Circle (1.29±0.04 g), and finally Boston Scientific OptiFlex (1.19±0.12 g). The N-Circle was the only basket to exhibit linear opening, while the Halo exhibited an exponential curve. The OptiFlex exhibited a polynomial curve, with linear opening across the midrange of the basket length. From these curve equations, the target basket width (5 mm) was calculated. The N-Circle and the OptiFlex reached the target basket width at a basket length of 9.4 mm and 9.6 mm, respectively. The Halo reached the target basket width at a basket length of 11.5 mm.

Conclusions:

The radial dilation force differs significantly among commercial baskets and may affect ureteral stone extraction. Linear basket opening may provide the physician more control in stone retrieval.