BeaulieuEmily and HydeSusan D.. “In the Shadow of Democracy Promotion Strategic Manipulation, International Observers, and Election Boycotts.” Comparative Political Studies, 42, no. 3 (2009): 392–415.
2.
CollierPaul and VicentePedro C.. “Violence, Bribery, and Fraud: The Political Economy of Elections in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Public Choice, 153, no. 1–2 (2012): 117–147.
3.
KelleyJudith Green. Monitoring Democracy: When International Election Observation Works, and Why it Often Fails. Princeton University Press, 2012.
4.
MakumbeJohn Mw and CompagnonDaniel. Behind the Smokescreen: The Politics of Zimbabwe's 1995 General Elections. University of Zimbabwe Publications Office, 2000.
5.
NorrisPippa. Why Electoral Integrity Matters. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
6.
SchedlerAndreas. “The Menu of Manipulation.” Journal of Democracy, 13, no. 2 (2002): 36–50.
