Researches on the removal and regeneration of phosphate from rivers and industrial wastewater have been accelerated gradually due to eutrophication and global phosphorus scarcity. Herein, magnetically recyclable carbon nanofiber (CNF) adsorbents were rationally designed by the coprecipitation method. Based upon preliminary filtering of magnetic CNFs with different Fe-to-CNF mass ratios in the aspect of phosphate sorption capacity, magnetic CNFs with an Fe-to-CNF mass ratio of 2:1 were selected to explore characterization and phosphorous adsorption performance further. Numerous adsorption experiments exhibited that magnetic CNF (Fe3O4-CNF2) adsorbent showed a preferable phosphate uptake capacity of 7.26 mg P/g, a prompt sorption kinetic, strong interference immunity in the presence of low concentrations of anions, and an optimum range of pH (3–6). Furthermore, magnetic CNF (Fe3O4-CNF2) adsorbent exhibited an excellent sorption performance in a secondary wastewater effluent. A 0.5 g/L of this adsorbent could reduce phosphate consistence from 0.95 to 0.05 mg P/L. In addition, exceeding 80% of initial phosphate uptake capacity could be preserved after five continuous regeneration cycles. This consequence showed the outstanding regenerative performance of Fe3O4-CNFs2. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy were used to reveal the phosphate adsorption mechanism, including surface precipitation and electrostatic attraction. Those developments are expected to have a far-reaching meaning for urban sewage treatment and eutrophic river.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AbdelrahmanE.A., and HegazeyR.M. (2019). Exploitation of Egyptian insecticide cans in the fabrication of Si/Fe nanostructures and their chitosan polymer composites for the removal of Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Compos. Part B Eng. 166, 382.
2.
AbdelrahmanE.A., HegazeyR.M., KotpY.H., and AlharbiA. (2019). Facile synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles from Egyptian insecticide cans for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 222, 117195.
3.
AjmalZ., MuhmoodA., UsmanM., KizitoS., LuJ., DongR., and WuS. (2018). Phosphate removal from aqueous solution using iron oxides: Adsorption, desorption and regeneration characteristics. J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 528, 145.
4.
AryeeA.A., DoviE., ShiX., HanR., LiZ., and QuL. (2021). Zirconium and iminodiacetic acid modified magnetic peanut husk as a novel adsorbent for the sequestration of phosphates from solution: Characterization, equilibrium and kinetic study. Colloid. Surf. A, 615, 126260.
5.
AwualM.R. (2019). Efficient phosphate removal from water for controlling eutrophication using novel composite adsorbent. J. Clean. Prod. 228, 1311.
6.
FengJ., JiangL., YuanB., ZhangL., and ZhangA. (2020). Enhanced removal of aqueous phosphorus by Zr-Fe-, Mn-Fe-, and Mn-Zr-Fe-modified natural zeolites: Comparison studies and adsorption mechanism. Environ. Eng. Sci. 37, 572.
7.
HaoR., ZhouY., LiJ., and WangJ. (2018). A 3DBER-S-EC process for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater with low organic carbon content. J. Environ. Manage. 209, 57.
8.
HarijanD.K.L., and ChandraV. (2017). Akaganeite nanorods decorated graphene oxide sheets for removal and recovery of aqueous phosphate. J. Water Process Eng. 19, 120.
9.
HeY., LinH., DongY., and WangL. (2017). Preferable adsorption of phosphate using lanthanum-incorporated porous zeolite: Characteristics and mechanism. Appl. Surf. Sci. 426, 995.
10.
KajjumbaG.W., YıldırımE., AydınS., EmikS., AğunT., OsraF., and WasswaJ. (2019). A facile polymerisation of magnetic coal to enhanced phosphate removal from solution. J. Environ. Manage. 247, 356.
11.
KhalilA.M.E., EljamalO., AmenT.W.M., SugiharaY., and MatsunagaN. (2017). Optimized nano-scale zero-valent iron supported on treated activated carbon for enhanced nitrate and phosphate removal from water. Chem. Eng. J. 309, 349.
12.
LiR., WangJ.J., ZhouB., AwasthiM.K., AliA., ZhangZ., LahoriA.H., and MaharA. (2016). Recovery of phosphate from aqueous solution by magnesium oxide decorated magnetic biochar and its potential as phosphate-based fertilizer substitute. Bioresour. Technol. 215, 209.
13.
LiT., LüS, WangZ., HuangM., YanJ., and LiuM. (2021). Lignin-based nanoparticles for recovery and separation of phosphate and reused as renewable magnetic fertilizers. Sci. Total Environ. 765, 142745.
14.
LiaoT., LiT., SuX., YuX., SongH., ZhuY., and ZhangY. (2018). La(OH)3-modified magnetic pineapple biochar as novel adsorbents for efficient phosphate removal. Bioresour. Technol. 263, 207.
15.
LiuP., BorrellP.F., BozicM., KokolV., OksmanK., and MathewA.P. (2015). Nanocelluloses and their phosphorylated derivatives for selective adsorption of Ag+, Cu2+ and Fe3+ from industrial effluents. J. Hazard. Mater. 294, 177.
16.
LiuR., ChiL., WangX., WangY., SuiY., XieT., and ArandiyanH. (2019). Effective and selective adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution via trivalent-metals-based amino-MIL-101 MOFs. Chem. Eng. J. 357, 159.
17.
LoganathanP., VigneswaranS., KandasamyJ., and BolanN.S. (2014). Removal and recovery of phosphate from water using sorption. Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Tec. 44, 847.
18.
LopezJ.A., GonzálezF., BonillaF.A., ZambranoG., and GómezM.E. (2010). Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4 magnetic nanofluid. Rev. Latinoam. Metal. Mater. 30, 60.
19.
LuoY., LiuM., ChenY., WangT., and ZhangW. (2019). Preparation and regeneration of iron-modified nanofibres for low-concentration phosphorus-containing wastewater treatment. R. Soc. Open Sci. 6, 190764.
20.
MaZ., LiQ., YueQ., GaoB., LiW., XuX., and ZhongQ. (2011). Adsorption removal of ammonium and phosphate from water by fertilizer controlled release agent prepared from wheat straw. Chem. Eng. J. 171, 1209.
21.
MiX., WangM., ZhouF., ChaiX., WangW., ZhangF., MengS., ShangY., ZhaoW., and LiG. (2017). Preparation of La-modified magnetic composite for enhanced adsorptive removal of tetracycline. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 24, 17127.
22.
NakarmiA., BourdoS.E., RuhlL., KanelS., NadagoudaM., Kumar AllaP., PavelI., and ViswanathanT. (2020). Benign zinc oxide betaine-modified biochar nanocomposites for phosphate removal from aqueous solutions. J. Environ. Manage. 272, 111048.
23.
Nasiruddin KhanM., and SarwarA. (2007). Determination of points of zero charge of natural and treated adsorbents. Surf. Rev. Lett. 14, 461.
24.
NingP., BartH.-J., LiB., LuX., and ZhangY. (2008). Phosphate removal from wastewater by model-La(III) zeolite adsorbents. J. Environ. Sci. 20, 670.
25.
OzcanA.S., GokO., and OzcanA. (2009). Adsorption of lead(II) ions onto 8-hydroxy quinoline-immobilized bentonite. J. Hazard. Mater. 161, 499.
26.
PaltrinieriL., WangM., SachdevaS., BesselingN.A.M., SudhölterE.J.R., and De SmetL.C.P.M. (2017). Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with a guanidinium-functionalized polyelectrolyte extend the pH range for phosphate binding. J. Mater. Chem. A, 5, 18476.
27.
Rodrigues-FilhoU.P., GushikemY., Do Carmo GonçalvesM., CachichiR.C., and De CastroS.C. (1996). Composite membranes of cellulose acetate and zirconium dioxide: Preparation and study of physicochemical characteristics. Chem. Mater. 8, 1375.
28.
ShepherdJ.G., SohiS.P., and HealK.V. (2016). Optimising the recovery and reuse of phosphorus from wastewater effluent for sustainable fertiliser development. Water Res. 94, 155.
29.
TranH.N., YouS.-J., Hosseini-BandegharaeiA., and ChaoH.-P. (2017). Mistakes and inconsistencies regarding adsorption of contaminants from aqueous solutions: A critical review. Water Res. 120, 88.
30.
WangJ., ShaoX., LiuJ., ZhangQ., MaJ., and TianG. (2020). Insight into the effect of structural characteristics of magnetic ZrO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites on phosphate removal in water. Mater. Chem. Phys. 249, 123024.
31.
YaoY., GaoB., InyangM., ZimmermanA.R., CaoX., PullammanappallilP., and YangL. (2011). Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by biochar derived from anaerobically digested sugar beet tailings. J. Hazard. Mater. 190, 501.
32.
YoonS.-Y., LeeC.-G., ParkJ.-A., KimJ.-H., KimS.-B., LeeS.-H., and ChoiJ.-W. (2014). Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies for phosphate adsorption to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem. Eng. J. 236, 341.
33.
ZengJ., XuJ., WangS., TaoP., and HuaW. (2009). Ferromagnetic behavior of copper oxide-nanowire-covered carbon fibre synthesized by thermal oxidation. Mater. Charact. 60, 1068.
34.
ZhengX., SunP., HanJ., SongY., HuZ., FanH., and LvS. (2014). Inhibitory factors affecting the process of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR)—A mini-review. Process Biochem. 49, 2207.
