This study evaluated the use of Fe(II)-modified layered double hydroxides-graphene oxide [LDHs-GO@Fe(II)] for Cu(II) adsorption. The Fe(II)-modified LDH-GO composites [LDH-GO@Fe(II)x] was synthesized by contacting the powdered LDH-GO with Fe(II)-containing solution. The effect of Fe(II) modification on the surface morphology and adsorption behavior, as well as the Cu(II) adsorption mechanism were investigated. With the modification, noncrystalline iron oxides clusters generated on the surface of the LDH/GO, with a slight decrease of the structure of LDH-GO. Cu(II) removal capacity was enhanced after Fe(II) modification. The kinetics data correlated well with the pseudo-first-order rate law. The adsorption equilibrium data were analyzed by both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models and the data well with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum Cu(II) adsorption capacity of the unmodified LDH-GO, LDH-GO@Fe(II)10, and LDH-GO@Fe(II)50 were 148.47, 166.16, and 174.87 mg/g, respectively. The X-ray powder diffraction and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis manifested the formation of Cu2Cl(OH)3 and isomorphic substitution of Mg(II) for Cu(II) removal by the unmodified LDH-GO. The enhanced removal of Cu(II) by Fe(II)-modified LDH-GO was induced by the enlarged specific surface area and the reaction with Fe ions to form CuFe2O4.
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