Low in stability, difficulty in reuse, and loss in activity are key challenges to the potential use of laccase in industrial applications. To date, enzyme immobilization has become one of the most popular methods to maintain the activity and enhance the stability and reusability of enzymes. Here we described the immobilization of laccase onto poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)-modified halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), a natural inorganic porous material, which is biologically safe and chemically stable, to improve the stability and recovery rate of laccase, and immobilized laccase was utilized to destroy priority pollutant 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and fluorescence microscopy analysis show that PDDA has been successfully coated onto HNTs surface for improving laccase immobilization. Immobilized laccase exhibits enhanced pH and thermal stability compared with free laccase; and after 10th cycle of continuous reuse, the activity of immobilized laccase remains above 50%. Also, immobilized laccase was able to degrade 2,4-DCP (25 mg/L, 80%) with addition of mediator 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS). Results of this study demonstrate that, alongside the better stability and reusability, immobilized laccase onto PDDA modified halloysite can be used in removing chlorophenolic pollutants from aqueous sources and also have potential applications in other environmental domains.
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