An anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process with a side stream phosphorus removal system was assembled to treat high nitrogen but low carbon municipal wastewater. Results showed that a suitable volume of discharged side stream enhanced contaminants removal efficiency. Recirculation of phosphorus-free sludge in side stream to anoxic tank of A2O process improved the denitrifying phosphorus removal efficiency, and nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates increased to 61.1% and 92.7%, respectively. Composition and structure of microbial communities in the process were monitored by16S rRNA gene-based microbial molecular techniques. Analysis for enriched sludge indicated that composition and abundance of microbial community responded well to the loading of side stream. Denitrifying phosphorus-removal species, Thauera spp. and Dechloromonas spp., were increased to 9.0% and 8.5% with the start of side stream. Therefore, the side stream system was a helpful accessory to the A2O process to achieve high contaminants removal in treating low carbon municipal wastewater.
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