Biosorption is a widely used technology for wastewater treatment, especially for removal of pollutants that are not easily biodegradable. Plant-based agricultural wastes have gained attention as effective biosorbents due to their low cost, potential for waste reuse, and their adsorption characteristics. An extensive list has been compiled of plant materials (e.g., different parts of plants) used for biosorption of industrial dyes and for enzyme-assisted decolorization. The purpose of this review was to summarize the information available on (i) adsorption of industrial dyes on plant-based biosorbents, (ii) factors affecting adsorption processes, (iii) isothermal and kinetic modeling, (iv) thermodynamics, and (v) fungal enzymatic decolorization of dyes on lignocellulosic biomasses in biosorption studies. A wide variety of plant wastes, mainly agricultural residues, can be used for biosorption, and fungal enzymes can accelerate the decolorization process. These low-cost biosorbents have showed quantifiable capability in dye adsorption and biodegradation. Accordingly, there is a need to develop commercial-scale biosorption technology for aqueous pollutant removal and environmental protection.
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