A novel type of adsorptive material, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS)-citrate-layered double hydroxide (LDH), was synthesized by modifying Mg-Al LDH with both SDBS and citrate using the ion-exchange method for the first time. Modified LDH was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, low-temperature N2 adsorption, and elemental analysis. Results indicated that DBS− and citrate3− anions were intercalated in the LDH interlayers, and surface hydrophobicity increased after modification. SDBS-citrate-LDH can simultaneously adsorb p-cresol and Cu2+ (or Cd2+) from the mixed solution. p-Cresol adsorption was attributed to a partition retention mechanism (adsolubilization of p-cresol into the interlayer three-dimensional organic phase formed by DBS− anions). Cu2+ (or Cd2+) adsorption was dominated by formation of complexes between Cu2+ (or Cd2+) and citrate3− anions in the interlayer of modified LDH. Negative values of ΔGo and ΔHo observed for p-cresol, Cu2+, and Cd2+ adsorption confirmed the spontaneity and exothermic nature, respectively, of the removal process. Negative value of ΔSo revealed decreased randomness after adsorption. All results indicated potential application of SDBS-citrate-LDH in treating wastewater containing both organic compounds and heavy metals, which are frequently encountered together.
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