Degradation of ibuprofen (IBP) at two concentrations (0.05 and 0.1 mM) through ultrasonic irradiation at 585 kHz was studied under the air-, oxygen-, argon-, and nitrogen-saturated conditions. Effects of H2O2 on the degradation of IBP were also studied. Addition of hydroxyl radical scavengers (isopropyl alcohol and terephthalic acid) was used to derive and compare the reaction constants of IBP in the three zones (the cavitation bubble, the bulk solution, and the supercritical interface) formed during ultrasonic irradiation. Some results are as follows: first, degradation pathways proceed through first-order kinetics in all experiments by ultrasonic irradiation; second, IBP degradation rate was faster at the lower IBP concentration of 0.05 mM; third, additions of H2O2 from 0 to 5 mM could accelerate the degradation of IBP. In addition, degradation of IBP by γ-radiolysis was also compared to the degradation by ultrasonic irradiation under the air-, nitrous oxide-, and argon-saturated conditions. Results indicated that IBP degradation per unit energy during ultrasonic irradiation was only about 0.01% of that in γ-radiolysis at both IBP concentrations. Pathways of IBP degradation in both ultrasonic irradiation and γ-radiolysis were proposed based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, which mainly differed in the exclusive formation of two 5-membered ring products in γ-radiolysis.
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