Abstract
Abstract
A novel rosin Gemini surfactant, bisquaternary ammonium salt (BQA) of rosinate, was synthesized in high yield and purity. First, rosin reacted with ethanol to produce ethyl rosinate. Then the ethyl rosinate was modified with fumaric acid. Also, triethylamine reacted with epoxy chloropropane to synthesize epoxy quaternary ammonium salt (QAS). Finally, the epoxy QAS was reacted with the modified rosinate to prepare the Gemini surfactant, BQA of rosinate, at the following conditions: the intermediate and the modified rosinate mole ratio of 3:1, reaction temperature of 82.5°C, and reaction time of 8.5 h. Gravimetric analysis showed that its BQA content was 90.9% (w/w) of the product. The chemical structure of the BQA was conformed by high-performance liquid chromatogram, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. As a BQA Gemini surfactant, it has good surface activities and antifungal activity to most of the tested wood decay or mold fungi. Besides these great properties, its raw material is renewable. Herein, the BQA of rosinate will be a great Gemini surfactant alternative in related industries.
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