Anaerobic digested sludge (ADS) has the required microbial and most of the required nutrients for methane and biohydrogen production; this can be used to create bioelectricity in microbial fuel cells as discussed in the literature. AD requires microbiology and electrochemistry to produce a high-energy content gas. Microbiological requirements include a balance among specific microbial populations, their substrates and nutrients, their availability from the liquid carrier medium, and their co-metabolism within the whole community. Microbiological requirements can be filled by seeding nondestructed ADS into bioreactors. By using the AD with the right ADS-to-substrate ratio, it is possible to optimize bioenergy production rates while dramatically decreasing production cost. The literature review leads to the conclusion that ADS may also have the ability to be used as seed, nutrient provider, and liquid carrier for the creation of nutrient, and microbial populations in bioenergy production. ADS can be used to dilute the concentrate from electrodialysis reversal desalination and, in so doing, may have the capability to restore the concentrate as a co-micronutrient provider and co-water carrier in algal biodiesel production.
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