Abstract
Two studies examined the facets of active and passive forms in outdoor recreation. Study 1 demonstrated construction and validation under the Active/Passive Outdoor Recreation Scale (APORS). An exploratory factor analysis was conducted with 186 participants (M = 21.40; standard deviation [SD] = 2.50) and resulted in two factors. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed using another sample of 194 participants (M = 23.10; SD = 3.10), and the results verified the two-factor structure. The results suggest that the APORS has acceptable internal consistency (active recreation subscale—Cronbach’s α = 0.83; passive recreation subscale—Cronbach’s α = 0.74). Study 2 demonstrated relations between active/passive outdoor recreation and some aspects of well-being. The subjects were 202 recreationists (M = 22.55; SD = 3.80) who took three questionnaires, i.e., the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Positivity Scale, and the Meaning of Life Questionnaire alongside the APORS. Results indicated that some aspects of well-being were positively predicted by active and passive recreation in a natural environment, but active recreation in nature predicted well-being more strongly. Additionally, the profiles of active and passive forms in outdoor recreation were presented. The first profile: multiactive recreationists (high active outdoor recreation/high passive outdoor recreation); the second profile: passive recreationists (low active outdoor recreation/high passive outdoor recreation); and the last profile: active recreationists (high active outdoor recreation/low passive outdoor recreation). The recreationists in these profiles differed in terms of well-being.
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