Many environmental challenges, such as littering, are rooted in human behavior. However, comparatively little literature exists on the empirical evaluation of intervention programs aimed at changing littering behavior. In seeking to address this gap, this study aimed to draw on theoretical frameworks such as self-determination theory to develop and subsequently empirically assess the effectiveness of a littering intervention program (LIP), through a quasi-experimental pretest/post-test research design. Using the Littering Prevention Behavior Scale (Ojedokun), pre- and postintervention data were collected from 24 South African university students who participated in the 1-month long program. Results indicated that the LIP was successful in reducing the students' self-reported littering behavior, which holds promise for the implementation of this program by other universities aiming to successfully reduce their students' littering behavior.
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