“Walk to Wellbeing” in Community Mental Health: Urban and Green Space Walks Provide Transferable Biopsychosocial Benefits

Abstract

Despite a wealth of evidence supporting walking groups in general populations, few studies are situated in mental health services. This study explores patient and facilitator experiences during a year-long occupational therapy-led walking group. Specific aims were to study the impact of urban versus green spaces and the process by which outcomes transfer from a walking group to patients' day-to-day lives. This ethnographical study is guided by an experiential pragmatist approach using mixed methods. Participants (N = 32) comprised existing patients (n = 7), who completed surveys, interviews, and written diaries; group facilitators (n = 3); and historic data from previous patients (n = 22). Data are analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and themes reveal interrelated group outcomes (i.e., biological, psychological, sociological, and ecological). Urban and green spaces are both beneficial, with each context offering different benefits based on individualized interactions with the environment. Subsequent transfer of outcomes is patient led and partially evident. This study suggests walking groups are a valuable yet underutilized resource and that combined urban and green space walks are advantageous. Recommendations are offered for providing more directive transfer support to patients less able to self-regulate transfer, alongside greater collaboration with other professionals when operating within a multidisciplinary team.