Littering is a human-made environmentally destructive behavior that is prevalent in most countries. Littering prevention behavior is an inroad to address the problem. Unfortunately, the measurement of littering prevention behavior remains relatively unexplored, consequently creating a gap in knowledge. To close this gap, a measure of littering prevention behavior was developed in three stages (Stage 1, n = 25; Stage 2, n = 300; and Stage 3, n = 1, 360) among residents of Ibadan. A sequential mixed-method design was adopted for data collection to validate the scale. Data were analyzed using both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis yielded one-factor solution of 41 items, which was further validated by means of confirmatory factor analysis. The fit statistics indicated that the fit was acceptable and confirms the one-factor solution of the 41-item littering prevention behavior scale. RMSEA, SRMR, GFI, CFI, and NNFI were .034, .042, .763, .963, and .991, respectively. Thus, the one-factor solution found in Stage 2 was confirmed by Stage 3. Analyses indicated that the final scale showed satisfactory internal consistency (\documentclass{aastex}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{bm}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{pifont}\usepackage{stmaryrd}\usepackage{textcomp}\usepackage{portland, xspace}\usepackage{amsmath, amsxtra}\pagestyle{empty}\DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6}\begin{document}
$$\acute{\alpha}$$
\end{document} = .81), and provided a valid measure of littering prevention behavior. Overall, the results provide satisfactory psychometric properties for the littering prevention behavior scale. The scale could be useful for policy makers, environmental program consultants, and scholars as a “stand-in” measure for littering prevention behavior, and to evaluate the effectiveness of behavior change interventions designed to increase littering prevention behavior. Key Words: Littering prevention behavior scale—Psychometric properties.
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