Many immune cells participate in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), and fatty acid metabolism (FAM) is reported to supporting their cell-specific functions and proliferation, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FAM and inflammation in colon tissues and identify potential therapeutic targets for regulating immune response. A total of 870 different expression genes (DEGs), 304 immunity-related DEGs, and 11 FAM-related DEGs were obtained, gene ontology analysis results showed that immune DEGs were significantly enriched in neutrophil migration, positive regulation of T cell activation. Fifteen types of immune cells were identified in inflamed colon tissues. Five FAM-related DEGs (ACOX1, ACSL4, ELOVL5, FADS2, and SCD) were highly correlated with immunity-related DEGs, and ACSL4, ELOVL5, and FADS2 were significantly upregulated in immune cells, while SCD is downregulated. Five FAM-related DEGs were highly correlated with immune cells. The study promotes the understanding of the pathogenesis of FAM in UC immune cells
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