CYP24A1 plays important roles in antiproliferative effects, which have been proved in many human tumor cells. Polymorphisms in CYP24A1 may affect the risk of lung cancer, but the results remained inconclusive. To enhance the understanding of possible relationship between CYP24A1 polymorphism rs6068816 and lung cancer risks, we first carried out this case–control study among Chinese female nonsmokers, including 345 lung cancer patients and 351 noncancer controls. Our results revealed that individuals carrying CT and CC genotype were associated with decreasing lung cancer risk (adjusted odds ratios were 0.71 and 0.59, and 95% confidence intervals were 0.52–0.97 and 0.35–0.99, p-values were 0.031 and 0.048, respectively). Patients carrying allele-T showed lower hazard risks, especially in adenocarcinoma and advanced stage cancers. We also found that subjects with allele-T showed a relatively low risk of lung cancer when they were exposed to oil fume. But neither additive scale nor multiplicative scale revealed interactions between allele-T and environmental exposures, including oil fume, coal fuel fume, and passive smoking. Overall, these findings indicated that CYP24A1 polymorphism rs6068816 could be significantly associated with susceptibility of lung cancer in Chinese female nonsmokers.
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