Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2011-10
Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes: Synthesis and Studies of DNA Binding,Photocleavage,Cytotoxicity,Apoptosis,Cellular Uptake,and Antioxidant Activity
Two ruthenium (II) complexes [Ru(dmb)2(APIP)](ClO4)2 (APIP = 2-(2-aminophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f ][1,10]phenanthroline, dmb = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine; 1) and [Ru(dmb)2(HAPIP)](ClO4)2 (HAPIP = 2-(2-hydroxyl-4-aminophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f ][1,10]phenanthroline; 2) were synthesized and characterized. DNA binding was investigated by electronic absorption titration, luminescence spectra, thermal denaturation, viscosity measurements, and photocleavage. The DNA binding constants for complexes 1 and 2 were 4.20 (±0.14) × 104 and 5.45 (±0.15) × 104 M−1. The results suggest that these complexes partially intercalate between the base pairs. The cytotoxicity of complexes 1 and 2 was evaluated by MTT assay. Cellular uptake was observed under fluorescence microscopy; complexes 1 and 2 can enter into the cytoplasm and accumulate in the nuclei. Apoptosis and the antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were also explored.
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