Cytokine ( IL - 10 −1082 and −819 ) and Chemokine Receptor ( CCR2 and CCR5 ) Gene Polymorphism in North Indian Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

Abstract

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with the inflammatory state characterized by infiltrating macrophages/lymphocytes, a major source of cytokines and chemokines. This study examined the role of genetic polymorphisms in cytokine, IL-10, and chemokine receptors, CCR2 and CCR5, with susceptibility to ESRD. Polymorphisms in IL-10 (−1082 G/A, PCR-RFLP; −819 C/T, ARMS-PCR), CCR2 (Val/Ile, PCR-RFLP), and CCR5Δ32 were detected in 184 ESRD patients and 180 controls. Our results demonstrated a significant difference in genotype frequencies of IL-10 −1082G/A (p < 0.001), IL-10 −819C/T (p = 0.007), and CCR2Val/Ile (p = 0.033) between ESRD patients and controls. However, only low-producing genotype AA of IL-10 −1082G/A showed significantly threefold higher risk for all ESRD patients (odds ratio [OR] = 3.164, 95%CI = 1.74–5.72) as well as patients with only inflammatory causes of renal diseases (OR = 2.979, 95%CI = 1.61–5.52). No risk was seen in variant genotype of other genes. The genotypic frequencies of CCR5Δ32 were comparable in patients and controls (p = 0.203). In haplotype analysis, A-T haplotype (low producer) of IL-10 showed 1.7-fold risk (p > 0.05). No risk was seen for CCR2 and CCR5 haplotypes. The AA genotype of IL-10 −1082G/A polymorphism was associated with increased susceptibility to ESRD. This study implies the basis for defined antiinflammatory approaches to impede renal disease progression.