Multiple Octamer-Binding Proteins Are Targets for the Cell Cycle-Regulated Nuclear Inhibitor 1-92

Abstract

p92 is a novel sequence-specific octamer-binding factor interacting with the enhancer of human papillomavirus type 18. The nuclear inhibitor I-92 regulates the DNA binding activity of p92 during the cell cycle such that p92 DNA binding is restricted to S-phase. The sequence motif 5′-AATTGCTTGCATAA, consisting of two partially overlapping octamer-related sequences, represents a recognition site for p92. It was the aim of this study to characterize the complexity of proteins interacting with the 5′-AATTGCTTGCATAA motif and to determine their regulation by 1-92. UV cross-linking experiments showed that, besides p92, multiple novel proteins interact with the 5′-AATTGCTGCATAA motif. These novel proteins p84, p75, p73, p69, p61, p57, p49, and p46 specifically bind to this motif, although with different affinities. The inhibitor 1-92 regulates, besides p92, the DNA-binding activities of p84, p75, p73, p69, and p57 but not of p61, p49, and p46. The association of 1-92 with p92, p84, p75, p73, p69, and p57 was completely reversible after treatment with the detergent deoxycholate (DOC). Finally, we analyzed 1-92 specificity and found that 1-92 selectively inhibited DNA binding activities of partially purified octamer-binding proteins p84 and p92 whereas DNA binding of the POU factor Oct-1 was not regulated by 1-92. Our results show that 1-92 regulates multiple octamer-binding proteins and these findings provide an example how gene regulation could be linked to cell cycle regulation.