Advances in Exercise and Nutrition as Therapy in Diabetes

Karstoft K , Winding K , Knudsen SH , et al. Mechanisms behind the superior effects of interval vs continuous training on glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia, 2014; 57: 2081–2093.

Madsen SM , Thorup AC , Overgaard K , et al. High intensity interval training improves glycaemic control and pancreatic β cell function of type 2 diabetes patients. PloS One, 2015; 10: e0133286.

Dela F , von Linstow ME , Mikines KJ , et al. Physical training may enhance beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2004; 287: E1024–1031.

García-García F , Kumareswaran K , Hovorka R , et al. Quantifying the acute changes in glucose with exercise in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med Auckl NZ, 2015; 45: 587–599.

Bergford S , Riddell MC , Jacobs PG , et al. The Type 1 Diabetes and EXercise Initiative: predicting hypoglycemia risk during exercise for participants with type 1 diabetes using repeated measures random forest. Diabetes Technol Ther, 2023; 25: 602–611.

Steineck IIK , Ranjan A , Schmidt S , et al. Preserved glucose response to low-dose glucagon after exercise in insulin-pump-treated individuals with type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover study. Diabetologia, 2019; 62: 582–592.

Moser O , Riddell MC , Eckstein ML , et al. Glucose management for exercise using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) systems in type 1 diabetes: position statement of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) endorsed by JDRF and supported by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Diabetologia, 2020; 63: 2501–2520.

Wallace AS , Chang AR , Shin J-I , et al. Obesity and chronic kidney disease in US adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2022; 107: 1247–1256.

Igudesman D , Crandell J , Corbin KD , et al. Weight management in young adults with type 1 diabetes: the advancing care for type 1 diabetes and obesity network sequential multiple assignment randomized trial pilot results. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2023; 25: 688–699.

Muntis FR , Igudesman D , Sarteau AC , et al. Relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and glycemia among young adults with type 1 diabetes and overweight or obesity: results from the Advancing Care for Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity Network (ACT1ON) Study. Diabetes Technol Ther, 2022; 24: 881–891.

Riddell MC , Li Z , Beck RW , et al. More time in glucose range during exercise days than sedentary days in adults living with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther, 2021; 23: 376–383.

Gal JJ , Li Z , Willi SM , et al. Association between high levels of physical activity and improved glucose control on active days in youth with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes, 2022; 23: 1057–1063.

Ravussin E , Beyl RA , Poggiogalle E , et al. Early time-restricted feeding reduces appetite and increases fat oxidation but does not affect energy expenditure in humans. Obesity, 2019; 27: 1244–1254.

Jamshed H , Beyl RA , Della Manna DL , et al. Early time-restricted feeding improves 24-hour glucose levels and affects markers of the circadian clock, aging, and autophagy in humans. Nutrients, 2019; 11: 1234.

Sutton EF , Beyl R , Early KS , et al. Early time-restricted feeding improves insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress even without weight loss in men with prediabetes. Cell Metab, 2018; 27: 1212–1221.

Gabel K , Hoddy KK , Haggerty N , et al. Effects of 8-hour time restricted feeding on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults: a pilot study. Nutr Healthy Aging, 2018; 4: 345–353.

Eizirik DL , Pasquali L , Cnop M. Pancreatic β-cells in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: different pathways to failure. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2020; 16: 349–362.

Eizirik DL , Szymczak F , Alvelos MI , et al. From pancreatic β-cell gene networks to novel therapies for type 1 diabetes. Diabetes, 2021; 70: 1915–1925.

Gitelman SE , Bundy BN , Ferrannini E , et al. Imatinib therapy for patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2021; 9: 502–514.

Colberg SR , Sigal RJ , Yardley JE , et al. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 2016; 39: 2065–2079.

Jebeile H , Gow ML , Lister NB , et al. Intermittent energy restriction is a feasible, effective, and acceptable intervention to treat adolescents with obesity. J Nutr, 2019; 149: 1189–1197.

Wang X , Li Q , Liu Y , et al. Intermittent fasting versus continuous energy-restricted diet for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome for glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2021; 179: 109003.

Van den Burg EL , van Peet PG , Schoonakker MP , et al. Metabolic impact of intermittent energy restriction and periodic fasting in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Nutr Rev, 2023; 81: 1329–1350.

Mosquera-Lopez C , Ramsey KL , Roquemen-Echeverri V , et al. Modeling risk of hypoglycemia during and following physical activity in people with type 1 diabetes using explainable mixed-effects machine learning. Comput Biol Med, 2023; 155: 106670.

Cutovic M , Konstantinovic L , Stankovic Z , et al. Structured exercise program improves functional capacity and delays relapse in euthyroid patients with Graves' disease. Disabil Rehabil, 2012; 34: 1511–1518.

Naldi L , Conti A , Cazzaniga S , et al. Diet and physical exercise in psoriasis: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol, 2014; 170: 634–642.

Coomans de Brachène A , Scoubeau C , Musuaya AE , et al. Exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to protect pancreatic beta cells in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia, 2023; 66: 450–460.