Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System Achieves and Maintains Recommended Time in Range Levels for Up To 2 Years: Predictors of Best Efficacy

Abstract

Aim:

To evaluate the long-term efficacy, up to 2 years, of an advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) system and to assess predictors of best results of the therapy.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated 296 adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus [mean age 42.8 ± 16.5 years, men 42.9%, duration of diabetes 22.5 ± 12.8 years, body mass index 24.9 ± 4.7 kg/m², baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) 63.4 ± 12.2 mmol/mol (8.0 ± 1.1%) ] who used the MiniMed™ 780G system. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived metrics and insulin requirement were analyzed from the 4 weeks before and from every quarter after the switch to the AHCL system.

Results:

In the first quarter of AHCL treatment, all CGM metrics improved. Time in range (TIR) increased from 58.1 ± 17.5% to 70.3 ± 9.5% (P < 0.0001). The improvement lasted for up to 2 years of observation regardless of previous insulin therapies. Throughout the period of observation, 53.4% of participants achieved mean TIR >70%, 92.6% mean time below range <4%, and 46% mean glucose management indicator <53 mmol/mol (7.0%). At univariable logistic regression older age, lower baseline HbA_1c and insulin requirement were associated with mean TIR >70%. At multivariable analysis, lower HbA_1c remained independently associated with a better glycemic control. However, mean TIR increased more in participants with a higher baseline HbA_1c.

Conclusions:

Switching to an AHCL leads to a rapid improvement in glycemic control lasting for up to 24 months along with a low risk for hypoglycemia, confirming the safety of the system. Lower baseline HbA_1c was the main predictor of better efficacy of therapy, although higher baseline HbA_1c was associated with the greatest improvement in mean TIR.