Abstract
Background:
The glycemia risk index (GRI) is a new composite metric derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data to assess the quality of glycemia. This study investigates the association between the GRI and albuminuria.
Methods:
Professional CGM and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) data from 866 individuals with type 2 diabetes were retrospectively reviewed. Albuminuria and macroalbuminuria were defined as one or more UACR measurements ≥30 and ≥300 mg/g, respectively.
Results:
The overall prevalence of albuminuria and macroalbuminuria was 36.6% and 13.9%, respectively. Participants with a higher UACR had a significantly higher hyperglycemia component and GRI score than those with a lower UACR (all P < 0.001), although the hypoglycemia component did not differ among the groups. Multiple logistic regression analyses that adjusted for various factors affecting albuminuria revealed that the odds ratio (OR) of albuminuria was 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.27, P = 0.039) per increase in the GRI zone. The results were similar for the risk of macroalbuminuria (OR: 1.42 [95% CI: 1.20–1.69], P < 0.001), and that association remained after adjusting for glycated hemoglobin (OR: 1.31 [95% CI: 1.10–1.58], P = 0.004).
Conclusions:
GRI is strongly associated with albuminuria, especially macroalbuminuria, in type 2 diabetes.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
