UmpierrezG, KorytkowskiM: Diabetic emergencies—ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state and hypoglycaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2016; 12:222–232.
2.
KitabchiAE, UmpierrezGE, MilesJM, FisherJN: Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2009; 32:1335–1343.
3.
DhatariyaK, SavageM: The management of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults. 2nd ed. Solihull, West Midlands, UK: Joint British Diabetes Societies Inpatient Care Group, 2013.
4.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Diabetes Statistics Report. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services, 2017.
5.
MillerKM, FosterNC, BeckRW, et al.: Current state of type 1 diabetes treatment in the U.S.: updated data from the T1D Exchange clinic registry. Diabetes Care, 2015; 38:971–978.
6.
RealsenJ, GoettleH, ChaseHP: Morbidity and mortality of diabetic ketoacidosis with and without insulin pump care. Diabetes Technol Ther, 2012; 14:1149–1154.
7.
TamborlaneWV, SikesKA: Insulin therapy in children and adolescents. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 2012; 41:145–160.
8.
HanasR, LindgrenF, LindbladB: A 2-yr national population study of pediatric ketoacidosis in Sweden: predisposing conditions and insulin pump use. Pediatr Diabetes, 2009; 10:33–37.
9.
TaylorSI, BlauJE, RotherKI: SGLT2 inhibitors may predispose to ketoacidosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2015; 100:2849–2852.
10.
BarskiL, BrandstaetterE, SagyI, JotkowitzA: Basal insulin for the management of diabetic ketoacidosis. Eur J Intern Med, 2018; 47:14–16.
11.
ThalangeN, DeebL, IotovaV, et al.: Insulin degludec in combination with bolus insulin aspart is safe and effective in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes, 2015; 16:164–176.
12.
PetersAL, BuschurEO, BuseJB, et al.: Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a potential complication of treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition. Diabetes Care, 2015; 38:1687–1693.
13.
FralickM, SchneeweissS, PatornoE: Risk of diabetic ketoacidosis after initiation of an SGLT2 inhibitor. N Engl J Med, 2017; 376:2300–2302.
14.
BuseJB, GargSK, RosenstockJ, et al.: Sotagliflozin in combination with optimized insulin therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes: the North American inTandem1 study. Diabetes Care, 2018, doi: 10.2337/dc18-0343 [Epub ahead of print]
15.
GargSK, HenryRR, BanksP, et al.: Effects of sotagliflozin added to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med, 2017; 377:2337–2348.
16.
DanneT, CariouB, BanksP, et al.: A1C and hypoglycemia reduction at 24 and 52 weeks with sotagliflozin in combination with insulin in adults with type 1 diabetes: the European inTandem2 study. Diabetes Care, 2018, doi: 10.2337/dc18-0342. [Epub ahead of print]
17.
DandonaP, MathieuC, PhillipM, et al.: Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes (DEPICT-1): 24 week results from a multicentre, double-blind, phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2017; 5:864–876.
18.
MathieuC, DandonaP, GillardP, et al.: Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes (the DEPICT-2 Study): 24-week results from a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care, 2018, doi: 10.2337/dc18-0623. [Epub ahead of print]
19.
GargSK, StrumphP: Effects of sotagliflozin added to insulin in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med, 2018; 378:967–968.
20.
YamadaT, ShojimaN, NomaH, et al.: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors as add-on therapy to insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2018; 20:1755–1761.
21.
MerovciA, Solis-HerreraC, DanieleG, et al.: Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production. J Clin Invest, 2014; 124:509–514.
22.
FerranniniE, MuscelliE, FrascerraS, et al.: Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Invest, 2014; 124:499–508.
23.
BonnerC, Kerr-ConteJ, GmyrV, et al.: Inhibition of the glucose transporter SGLT2 with dapagliflozin in pancreatic alpha cells triggers glucagon secretion. Nat Med, 2015; 21:512–517.
24.
PRNewswire: Boehringer Ingelheim and Lilly announce positive top-line Phase III data results for empagliflozin as adjunct to insulin in type 1 diabetes. Indianapolis, IN: Eli Lilly and Company, 2018.
25.
HandelsmanY, HenryRR, BloomgardenZT, et al.: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology position statement on the association of SGLT-2 inhibitors and diabetic ketoacidosis. Endocr Pract, 2016; 22:753–762.
26.
PieberTR, FamullaS, EilbrachtJ, et al.: Empagliflozin as adjunct to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes: a 4-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (EASE-1). Diabetes Obes Metab, 2015; 17:928–935.