This study was designed to assess β-cell function and insulin sensitivity indices among normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects stratified by 1-h plasma glucose (1hPG) values during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
Materials and Methods:
One hundred sixty-six NGT subjects underwent a five-point OGTT, and glucose and insulin levels were estimated. We calculated the following indices: (a) β-cell function (homeostasis assessment model—β-cell function [HOMA-β] and Insulinogenic Index [IGI]) and (b) insulin sensitivity (homeostasis assessment model—insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], Matsuda Index, and Insulin Sensitivity Index [ISI]).
Results:
NGT subgroups with elevated 1hPG values (i.e., 1hPG ≥143 to <155 mg/dL and 1hPG ≥155 mg/dL) did not differ from those with 1hPG <143 mg/dL by HOMA-β (P = 0.236) but had significantly lower IGIs (367 ± 239 vs. 257 ± 243 vs. 246 ± 239; P = 0.019). With respect to ISIs, HOMA-IR was not significantly different among the groups (P = 0.103). However, the Matsuda Index (11.2 ± 5.0 vs. 7.4 ± 4.8 vs. 5.5 ± 4.9; P < 0.001) and ISI (0.015 ± 0.010 vs. 0.012 ± 0.006 vs. 0.011 ± 0.011; P = 0.028) were significantly lower in subjects with elevated 1hPG values.
Conclusions:
NGT subjects with elevated 1hPG levels have alterations in β-cell function and insulin sensitivity compared with those with normal 1hPG levels.
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