Optimal Sampling Intervals to Assess Long-Term Glycemic Control Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Abstract

Aims and Hypothesis:

The optimal duration and frequency of short-term continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to reflect long-term glycemia have not been determined. The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation CGM randomized trials provided a large dataset of longitudinal CGM data for this type of analysis.

Methods:

The analysis included 185 subjects who had 334 3-month intervals of CGM data meeting specific criteria. For various glucose indices, correlations (r ²) were computed for the entire 3-month interval versus selected sampling periods ranging from 3 to 15 days. Other computed agreement measures included median relative absolute difference, values within ± 10% and ± 20% of full value, and median absolute difference.

Results:

As would be expected, the more days of glucose data that were sampled, the higher the correlation with the full 3 months of data. For 3 days of sampling, the r ² value ranged from 0.32 to 0.47, evaluating mean glucose, percentage of values 71–180 mg/dL, percentage of values >180 mg/dL, percentage of values ≤70 mg/dL, and coefficient of variation; in contrast, for 15 days of sampling, the r ² values ranged from 0.66 to 0.75. The results were similar when the analysis intervals were stratified by age group (8–14, 15–24, and ≥25 years), by baseline hemoglobin A1c level (<7.0% and ≥7.0%), and by CGM device type.

Conclusions and Interpretation:

Our data suggest that a 12–15-day period of monitoring every 3 months may be needed to optimally assess overall glucose control. Shorter periods of sampling can be useful, but the correlation with 3-month measures of glycemic control is lower.