Abstract
The analytical methodologies of the continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) commercialized to date are described. The devices include two noninvasive products: the GlucoWatch® (Cygnus, Redwood City, CA) G2 Biographer uses iontophoresis to obtain a sample and electrochemistry for glucose detection, and PENDRA® (Pendragon Medical Ltd., Zurich, Switzerland) utilizes impedance spectroscopy. Three minimally invasive systems employ subcutaneous amperometric sensors—Guardian REAL-Time (Medtronic MiniMed, Sylmar, CA), DexCom™ STS™-7 (DexCom, San Diego, CA), and FreeStyle Navigator® (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA). The GlucoDay® (A. Menarini I.F.R. S.r.l., Florence, Italy) collects a sample with a minimally invasive microdialysis fiber and measures the glucose electrochemically.
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